ABSOLUTE PRESSUREThe pressure with reference to absolute zero, that is with reference to absolute vacuum; it equals the sum of the atmospheric pressure and the gauge pressure (ISO 3857/1).
ABSOLUTE
TEMPERATURE The temperature measured from absolute zero (ISO 3857/1) ACTUATOR Any pneumatic device which applies power, for example a cylinder or motor. ADIABATIC Expansion or compression of a gas without loss or gain of heat content. AFTERCOOLING The removal of heat from the air after compression is complete. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE The temperature of the environment in which the equipment is working. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE The absolute pressure of the atmosphere as measured at the place under consideration (ISO 3857/1). BAR Barometric pressure CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM A system in which air exhausted from the actuators is returned as a closed pressurized to the compressor inlet. COMPRESSOR A device which causes a gas to flow against a pressure; it converts mechanical force and motion into pneumatic fluid-power. COMPRESSOR CAPACITY The actual volume rate of flow compressed and delivered at the standard discharge point, at stated inlet conditions, usually expressed in terms of Free Air Delivered (ISO 3857/2). COMPRESSOR REGULATOR A device fitted to to the compressor to control the output of machine. CONDENSATE The liquid formed from water vapour in the air because of a drop in the air temperature and/or an increase in pressure. DEW POINT The temperature at which air is fully saturated with water vapour at the pressure prevailing. DISPLACEMENT The volume displaced by the compression element of the first stage per unit of time. DRYER A device which reduces the water vapour content of the compressed air. FILTER A device which removes foreign matter from the working medium. FREE AIR Air at the atmospheric conditions at the inlet point unaffected by the compressor; it is usual for the output of an air compressor to be referred to the stated atmospheric conditions at the inlet, and the consumption of a tool or pneumatic cylinder to be expressed in terms of a standard reference atmosphere. FUSIBLE PLUG A device fitted in the hot discharge zone of a compressor for protection against high temperature. GAUGE PRESSURE The pressure as measured with reference to atmospheric pressure ; where no other indication is given, pressures expressed in 'bar' are assumed to be gauge pressure (ISO 3857/1) INTERCOOLING The removal or cooling of air between stages in multistage compression units. ISOTHERMAL Expansion or compression carried out without change of temperature. LUBRICATOR A device which introduces a controlled quantity of lubricant into the working medium. (Used in reciprocating compressors for cylinder lubrication on dry units) MULTI-STAGE COMPRESSION Compression from initial to final pressure in two or more stages (steps) with cooling between stages. OVERALL STAGE PRESSURE RATIO The pressure ratio for any particular stage in a multi-stage compressor, the discharge pressure being measured after after the intercooler (Including Separator), this is calculated using Absolute Pressure (ISO 3857/2) PIPELINE The Pressure Systems Regulation define a pipeline as "a pipe (or system of pipes) used for the conveyance of a relevant fluid (e.g. compressed air) across the boundaries of premises, together with the valves, pumps, compressors and similar works which are annexed to, or incorporated in , the course of the pipe or system". Avoid the use of the terminology ''pipeline'' when referring to the pipes in a factory that have their own compressor installations. PIPEWORK Avoid using this term when referring to the pipes that convey compressed air. 'Pipework' has a special meaning in the context of the Pressure Systems Regulation i.e. A pipe or system of pipes with associated valves, pumps, compressors and other pressure containing components and includes hoses but does not include the Air Receiver or any other protective devices. PRESSURE RATIO (TOTAL) The ratio between the Absolute discharge pressure and the Absolute inlet pressure; (ISO 3857/2). PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (SAFETY VALVE) A device which limits the maximum system pressure by exhausting the compressed air to atmosphere when the required back pressure is exceeded; also known as a Back Pressure Regulator. PROTECTIVE DEVICE A term employed in the Pressure Systems Regulation and includes all devices such as pressure gauges, temperature gauges and other items of measuring equipment, pressure relief valves, bursting discs, fusible plugs, excess temperature or pressure shut-down controls which enable system failure to be prevented by keeping it within its safe operating limits. PULSATION DAMPENER A chamber fitted at the inlet or discharge of a reciprocating to remove pulsations and prevent resonance. RECEIVER, AIR A pressure vessel in which compressed air is stored. RELATIVE HUMIDITY The ratio of the amount of water vapour actually contained in a volume of air at a specific temperature and pressure, to the maximum amount possible under these conditions; normally expressed as a percentage. RING MAIN An air main which begins and ends at the compressor so that every outlet has two possible sources (routes) of supply. SEPARATOR A device which removes liquids from the compressed air. SINGLE STAGE COMPRESSION Compression from initial to final pressure in a single stage (step). SPECIFIC POWER CONSUMPTION The shaft power input per unit of compressor capacity (Joules/litre=kw.s/m³) (ISO 3857/2) STANDARD REFERENCE ATMOSPHERE The agreed atmosphere to which specification values and test results determined in other atmospheres are corrected (ISO R558); Pneumatic fluid power uses 1013 mbar, 20ºC and 65% RH (ISO R554); the compressor and pneumatic tool industries prefer 1000 mbar, 20ºC and 65% RH (ISO 2787);the aerospace (ISO 2533) and petroleum (ISO 5024) industries both use 1013 mbar, 15ºC and dry at mean sea level. VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY The ratio of free air delivered to the displacement of a compressor; this ratio is normally expressed as a percentage; condensates, may possibly be taken into account (ISO 3857/2) WORKING ELEMENT The component that transforms fluid energy into linear, rotary or limited rotary movement (e.g. a pneumatic cylinder or pneumatic motor or semi rotary device).
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